Peptides
Definition
Peptides are short chains of amino acids (typically 2-50 amino acids long) that serve as building blocks for proteins like collagen, elastin, and keratin. In skincare, peptides act as signaling molecules that communicate with skin cells, instructing them to perform specific functions. Different types of peptides have different effects: signal peptides (like palmitoyl tripeptide-1) stimulate collagen production; carrier peptides deliver trace minerals needed for wound healing; enzyme inhibitor peptides help prevent collagen breakdown; and neurotransmitter peptides (like acetyl hexapeptide-3, or 'Argireline') may temporarily relax facial muscles to reduce the appearance of expression lines. Peptides are generally well-tolerated, stable, and effective at low concentrations. They are best used in serums and moisturizers and work synergistically with other active ingredients like retinoids, vitamin C, and niacinamide.
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