Glycolic Acid
Definition
Glycolic acid is the smallest and most widely researched alpha hydroxy acid (AHA), derived from sugar cane. Its small molecular size allows it to penetrate the skin effectively, making it one of the most potent AHAs for exfoliation. It works by dissolving the intercellular glue (desmosomes) that holds dead skin cells together, promoting their release and revealing fresh skin underneath. Glycolic acid stimulates collagen production, improves skin texture and brightness, reduces fine lines, and helps fade hyperpigmentation. It is available in at-home products at concentrations of 5-10% and in professional chemical peels at concentrations up to 70%. Because it increases sun sensitivity, daily sunscreen use is essential. Common side effects include tingling, redness, and mild peeling, especially when first starting. It may be too strong for sensitive or rosacea-prone skin.
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