Hyperpigmentation
Definition
Hyperpigmentation is a common skin condition where patches of skin become darker than the surrounding areas due to excess melanin production. There are several types: sun spots (solar lentigines) caused by UV exposure, melasma (hormonally influenced patches, often on the face), and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) that occurs after skin injury, inflammation, or acne. Hyperpigmentation affects all skin tones but is more prevalent and can be more persistent in darker skin. Treatment options include topical ingredients like vitamin C, niacinamide, alpha arbutin, azelaic acid, kojic acid, and retinoids, which work by inhibiting melanin production or increasing cell turnover. Sunscreen is the single most important step in preventing and treating hyperpigmentation, as UV exposure worsens all forms. Professional treatments like chemical peels and certain lasers can also help, though caution is needed for darker skin tones.
Was this definition helpful?