Sebaceous Gland
Definition
Sebaceous glands are small, oil-producing glands attached to hair follicles throughout the body (except on the palms and soles). They produce sebum, an oily substance composed of triglycerides, wax esters, squalene, and free fatty acids. Sebaceous glands are most concentrated on the face (especially the forehead, nose, and chin — the T-zone), scalp, chest, and upper back. Sebum production is regulated primarily by androgens (hormones like testosterone), which is why acne often develops during puberty and can fluctuate with hormonal changes. When sebaceous glands produce excess sebum, it can mix with dead skin cells and clog pores, leading to acne. Conversely, too little sebum production leads to dry, rough skin. The activity of sebaceous glands decreases with age, contributing to the drier skin seen in older adults. Ingredients like niacinamide, retinoids, and BHAs can help regulate sebaceous gland activity.
Was this definition helpful?