Toner
Definition
A toner is a liquid skincare product applied after cleansing and before serums and moisturizers. Historically, toners were astringent, alcohol-based products designed to remove residual cleanser and oil. Modern toners have evolved significantly and now serve various purposes depending on their formulation. Hydrating toners contain humectants like hyaluronic acid and glycerin to add a layer of moisture. Exfoliating toners contain AHAs, BHAs, or PHAs to gently promote cell turnover. Balancing toners use ingredients like niacinamide or green tea to calm and balance the skin. Essence-like toners, popular in Korean skincare, provide lightweight hydration to prepare the skin for subsequent product absorption. When choosing a toner, avoid products with high alcohol content, artificial fragrances, or menthol, which can irritate the skin. Toners are applied by patting into damp skin with clean hands or a soft cotton pad.
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