Retinoid
Definition
Retinoids are a class of chemical compounds derived from vitamin A that are widely considered the gold standard in anti-aging skincare. The retinoid family includes prescription-strength tretinoin (retinoic acid), adapalene, and tazarotene, as well as over-the-counter forms like retinol, retinaldehyde, and retinyl palmitate. All retinoids ultimately convert to retinoic acid in the skin, but they differ in potency and the number of conversion steps required. Retinoids work by binding to nuclear receptors in skin cells, altering gene expression to increase cell turnover, stimulate collagen production, reduce hyperpigmentation, regulate sebum production, and prevent comedone formation. They are effective for treating acne, fine lines, wrinkles, uneven texture, and sun damage. Common side effects during the adjustment period include dryness, peeling, redness, and increased sun sensitivity. Starting with a low concentration and building up gradually is recommended.
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