Collagen
Definition
Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body, providing structural support to the skin, bones, tendons, and ligaments. In the skin, collagen fibers form a dense network in the dermis that gives skin its firmness, plumpness, and resilience. The body produces collagen naturally, but production begins to decline around age 25, decreasing by roughly 1% per year. UV exposure, smoking, pollution, and poor nutrition accelerate collagen breakdown. This loss leads to wrinkles, sagging, and thinner skin over time. Topical ingredients like retinoids, vitamin C, and peptides can stimulate collagen production. Professional treatments including microneedling, radiofrequency, and certain lasers also boost collagen synthesis. While collagen supplements are popular, the evidence for their topical or oral effectiveness is still developing.
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