Atopic Dermatitis
Definition
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition and the most common form of eczema. It causes dry, itchy, red, and sometimes cracked or weeping patches of skin, typically on the face, hands, inner elbows, and behind the knees. The condition results from a combination of genetic factors (including filaggrin gene mutations that weaken the skin barrier) and immune system dysregulation. Triggers include allergens, irritants, stress, temperature changes, and certain fabrics. Treatment focuses on restoring the skin barrier with emollients and moisturizers, reducing inflammation with topical corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors, and avoiding known triggers. While atopic dermatitis often begins in childhood, it can persist into adulthood and is frequently associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis.
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